When most people think of a triathlon, they think of Ironman... which is a type of triathlon, but not the ONLY type. The swim in some sprint-distance triathlons may be as short as 500 meters. For many single-sport athletes, team competition provides a new camaraderie to their solo training. A simple training plan can be found here. You don’t need to invest in much equipment to complete a super sprint triathlon. Cookie Policy Triathlons have come a long way since 1974, when 46 people competed in the first swim/bike/run race, held in San Diego, CA. You don’t want to sign up for an Ironman unless you know what you’re getting yourself in to! Bike. There are usually lots of first-timers competing in sprint distance events. Privacy Settings The fourth and often forgotten step of a sprint triathlon is transition: the time it takes to switch disciplines and change into and adequate sports gear. This involves doing a run immediately after a bike ride, to get used to the feeling of running with jelly legs. It also helps build your confidence in triathlon before entering a longer event. With over 10 years and over 2 million implantations worldwide, Triathlon has a long clinical history. Sign In. If you have a good base level of fitness, this is the perfect race to start your triathlon journey. Distance variations for a sprint triathlon exist because of course constraints or race promoters' preferences. ACTIVE also makes it easy to learn and prepare for all the things you love to do with expert resources, training plans and fitness calculators. and/or its affiliates and licensors. However, as a reference, the race usually takes between 45 and 90 minutes to complete. Ideally, you will have completed at least one Olympic race and be able to complete each of the three elements comfortably in training. Depending on your fitness level, course conditions, and the weather on race day, you can expect to complete these three legs in about 10 to 17 hours. At many races, event directors provide not only individual competitor categories, but team categories as well. Some people have entered an Ironman as their first ever race. How long is an Olympic triathlon? This distance makes completing the event quite manageable for fit and soon-to-be fit athletes. Consequently, you may need to buy a wetsuit and get comfortable with swimming in open water. The answer, based on our analysis of more than 75 triathlons: about 3 hours, on average. As the name suggests, this is the distance that is raced in the Olympics, so you can get a taste of what many pro triathletes train for. 'Triathlon' just means putting all three sports together. Today, an Olympic-distance triathlon remains a 1.5-kilometer swim, 40-kilometer bike ride and a 10-kilometer run. There are a few easy ways to figure this out. Full sprints typically feature a half-mile swim, 12.4-mile bike and 3.1-mile run. © 2021 Active Network, LLC and/or its affiliates and licensors. However, for most people, a shorter distance would be a better choice for your first race. The length of each part of a triathlon depends on what type of triathlon an athlete is competing in. At this stage, it is all about having a fun experience. software for managing & marketing your events. insights, ACTIVE Works® is the race management I would recommend this to anyone who wants to starts their triathlon journey as I started from here, too. [ January 15, 2020 ] Best Triathlon Watch > GOOD-BETTER-BEST 2020 Top Tips [ January 14, 2020 ] 5 Keys To Finishing Your First Marathon Top Tips [ January 14, 2020 ] … Additionally, it might just spark the fire to train for a triathlon as an individual competitor. If you want to tick this event off your bucket list, make sure you give yourself plenty time to prepare. For example, if you are racing a 70.3 Ironman at 6:00 AM , then add 3 hours to the cut-off time of 8:30 hours , then the venue should stay open until around 5:30 PM. If you’ve decided to try this exciting, addicting and challenging sport, you’re in good company—today, more than 2 million people participate in triathlons each year. The training requirements are much greater here but are still achievable for someone with a busy schedule. How far is a triathlon exactly? It takes 6 months to 1 year, depending on your current fitness. That championship was held August 6, 1989 in Avignon, France and the winners were Erin Baker of New Zealand and Mark Allen of the United States. A half Ironman distance, known as an Ironman 70.3, is 70.3 (26.25km) total miles. Swim 1.5k in 40 minutes, Bike 40k in an hour and 20 minutes, and Run 10k in one hour. To keep the logistics and safety concerns of staging such an event to a dull roar, on occasion, race directors wisely select a race course that is slightly different than the common distances mentioned in this column. River oxbow section in performance, there and rogue valley velopark – canadian governing. Many events offer this as the shortest distance. Also known as a 70.3 (the total distance in miles), this distance is a serious challenge and a big step up from the Olympic distance. If you want to know what pace you need to sustain to complete an Ironman, check out our guide to the cut off times here. Depending on your fitness level, you would want between 6 and 12 weeks to prepare for this distance. The title for the "International-Distance Triathlon" was changed to Olympic-distance. Long Course Triathlon is one tiny part of the sport, and whilst attractive to some individuals, not representative of the entire sport! The length of a triathlon may vary, but there are four basic lengths: The most common triathlon distance follows international Olympic guidelines: A swim of 0.93 miles (1.5 kilometers), a bicycle route of 24.8 miles (40 kilometers) and a run of 6.2 miles (10 kilometers). The race can take somewhere between 2 and 4 hours. Alex Grimm/ Getty Images. Athletes must possess high levels of stamina and endurance, with races for the Elites lasting up to seven hours. Full: 3.86 km 180 km 42.2 km Also known as "long distance" or "Ironman Triathlon". Copyright Policy You can always build up to an Olympic event in the future. This is an ideal distance for someone who wants to try triathlon for the first time. Triathlon distances vary from shorter sprint distances of 16 miles to a full distance Ironman of 140.6 miles. With many of us still social distancing, we want to make sure you can find activities that suit your needs. If you are considering doing your first triathlon, you may be curious how long it takes to complete a sprint triathlon. All rights reserved. More: How to Train for the 10K in an Olympic-Distance Tri. Adding family members helps ACTIVE find events specific to your family's interests. If it’s your first triathlon, you shouldn’t worry too much about your finishing time. There are lots of triathlon distances to choose from, which can be confusing when they’re referred to by name and not by distance. Often, race directors are challenged to find a safe venue for a swim, bike and run event. Thankfully, good race directors and benevolent volunteers continue to host events, some of which are world-class, at a growing number of locations. If it’s your first triathlon, you shouldn’t worry too much about your finishing time. 42 km (26.2 miles) 3.5-6 hours. However, you will be far more confident if you have tackled some of the shorter distances first. At this stage, it is all about having a fun experience. Check out our guide to all the common triathlon race distances. More: How to Train for a Sprint Triathlon. beginner’s guide to training for your first triathlon, Triathlon Wetsuit Care – How To Look After Your Wetsuit, Best Triathlon Heart Rate Monitor in 2021 – The Best Compared, Triathlon Wetsuit Rules You Need To Know Before Your Race, Best Triathlon Wetsuit – 9 of the Best in 2021. 8 to 12 weeks of training should be enough to get you to the start line in great form. All rights reserved. Great for beginners! Even if you’re starting from a very low fitness level, anyone can complete a super sprint with the right motivation and time to prepare. Athletes who can on day 1 complete a 70.3 Ironman, can train within 6 months. So you’re thinking about doing a triathlon – great! An ambitious first-timer could aim for this distance if they can train for around 5 hours per week for at least 12 weeks. Cookie Settings. Look for this banner for recommended activities. Check out our beginner’s guide to training for your first triathlon. Depending on elevation and conditions, a sprint distance triathlon can take about 1 hour or less for pros; meanwhile, Ironman distance triathlons usually finish between 8 and 10 hours for elite-caliber triathletes. How long does it take to finish an International Distance Triathlon? On the low end, super sprints consist of a quarter-mile swim, a 6.2-mile bicycle ride and a 1.5-mile run. 180 km (112 miles) 5-9 hours. Today, an Olympic-distance triathlon remains a 1.5-kilometer swim, 40-kilometer bike ride and a 10-kilometer run. There are many shorter tri's, from sprint distances to olympic distances and half-irons. The long course triathlon is also known by the names “half triathlon,” “70.3” from the distance in miles, “middle distance”, or “half Ironman.” Swimming is one of the three stages of a long course triathlon. Terms of Use But exactly how long is a triathlon? Due to the increased distance, you will need to think more about your pacing and nutrition strategy. The shorter events are great for someone wanting to try a triathlon for the first time, while the longer distances allow people to keep challenging themselves as they become fitter and more experienced. The race can take somewhere between 2 and 4 hours. Some of the best ways to get involved in the sport can be to: a) Join a triathlon club. Please see your Privacy Rights for how your information is used. A simple training plan can be found here. More: How to Train for a Triathlon (From Scratch). Duathlon and Aquathlon Distances The common event distances for duathlon and aquathlon events are listed below: Swim: 750 meters Bike: 20 kilometers Run: 5 kilometers Olympic Triathlon . In the linguistic world of triathlon, “Long” lies between “Half” and “Full”. Most swims will be in a pool, but some feature a sea or lake swim. An Ironman Triathlon is one of a series of long-distance triathlon races organized by the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC), consisting of a 2.4-mile (3.86 km) swim, a 112-mile (180.25 km) bicycle ride and a marathon 26.22-mile (42.20 km) run, raced in that order.It is widely considered one of the most difficult one-day sporting events in the world. You also need to make sure you incorporate brick sessions into your training. Trithletes take off at the start of the 2009 Ironman European Championship in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. How long is an Ironman triathlon? or The swim is usually done in a pool so there’s no need for a wetsuit. Practicing taking in food while exercising will be a key part of your training plan. Getting the gear ready and planning a system in advance can influence the transition time, making it 30 seconds long, 1 minute or even more than 3 minutes. Before signing up you’ll want to know exactly how far you need to swim, bike, and run to get to the finish line. Footwear | Fitness Apparel | Outdoor Gear. It is comprised of a 1.2 mile (1.9km) swim, a 56 mile (90km) bike ride, and a 13.1 mile half-marathon (21.09km). Full/long/Ironman distance: 3.8km (swim), 180km (bike), 42km (run) - Ironman is a long-distance triathlon organised by the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC). Introducing Long Distance Triathlon. Swim: 500 meters (0.3 mile) Bike: 10K (6.2 miles) … If you’re looking to progress, you can either try and go faster for the same distance or enter a longer race. Here are the four most common race distances: A sprint-distance triathlon is often the best way for a new triathlete to have positive experience in their first event. So-called triple Olympic Distance, distance of the ITU Long Distance Triathlon World Championships in 2008, originally the distance of the Nice (France) triathlon: Half: 1.93 km 90 km 21.09 km Also known as "middle distance", 70.3, or "half-ironman". 1-3 In a recent 10 year follow up study Triathlon showed 99% survivorship. Support & Feedback Run. Triathlon venues usually last from 2 to 3 hours after the cut-off time of the race itself ( or the run cut-off) . Standard or Olympic Triathlon—1.5 kilometer (0.93 mile) swim / 40km (25 mi) bike / 10 km (6.2 mi) run or Join Active Triathlon Australia is for people of all ages and abilities, providing lifelong participation in the sport of triathlon. Hopefully, this guide will help you make the decision to enter the race that is right for you. If you’re looking to get fitter, entering a super sprint event gives you a great goal to aim for. Sprint Triathlon . There are four common distances for triathlon competitions, and many variations on those distances. Approximate time for age group athletes: 90 minutes. Here is the short answer to this question: it takes about 24 weeks for an average person (who has never done an Ironman) to train for an Ironman triathlon assuming that on day one of that training they could finish a 70.3 distance triathlon in under 8 hours on the first day of that training. 3.9 km (2.4 miles) 1-2 hours. Find Camps & Activities for your Active Kids, How to Train for a Triathlon (From Scratch), How to Train for the 10K in an Olympic-Distance Tri, The 2020 Holiday Gift Guide for Triathletes, Understanding GI Distress in Triathlons—and How to Prevent It, A 12-Week Triathlon Training Plan For Beginners, How to Decrease Injuries with Mobility Exercises. Running Shoes|Fitness Apparel|Sports, Daily Deals: There are lots of virtual options to keep you active and engaged — just select “Virtual Activities” as your location, and you’re ready to go. You should make sure you are fully prepared for the demands of this event. Are you sure you want to delete this family member? It’s short enough that the training requirements are manageable but still provides a tough challenge. Sprint Triathlon If you’re just looking to experience a triathlon or wanting to start somewhere for a long committed career in participating in triathlons, the Sprint Triathlon is always the best format to start with. Races have a cut off time of 17 hours with most participants completing the event in 12 to 15 hours. First of all, most sprint triathlons are of a similar length, but the distances can vary. This is double the distance of a half Ironman and the decision to enter this race should not be taken lightly. Depending on your fitness level, you would want between 6 and 12 weeks to prepare for this distance. *Those paying close attention would notice that 4000 meters is not 3 times 1500 meters. Most events of this distance will feature an open water swim so you will need to practice this. We have a range of buyer guides to help you choose the best gear for you. Triathlon became an Olympic event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Furthermore, you will need to have adequate gear to keep you comfortable for the entire race. Triathlete second impulse, bistable, keep, or survival. So the distance for the Long course is 4000 meters swim* (2.4 miles), 120 km bike (about 75 miles), and 30 km run (18.6 miles), for 95.6 miles total. Athletes who have never done a triathlon or are brand new to triathlon training, will require 12 months. Completing any of these events is a massive achievement. So, how long is a triathlon anyway? If you are looking for a big challenge or have experience in endurance sport, you could choose this for your first triathlon. Careers The Ironman is a 2.4 mile swim, 112 mile bike and 26.2 mile run. One thing that may cause a variation from the standard distance is the race venue. Ironman distances involve a 2.4-mile (3.9km) swim, 112-mile (180.2km) bike, and 26.2-mile (42.2km) run. Another calculation uses personal best for Olympic distance triathlon and marathon with other numbers to give a formula: 186.3 + 1.595 × (personal best for Olympic-distance triathlon) + 1.318 × (personal best for marathon) These are, of course, just going to give you a ballpark estimate. We’ve broken down the different races here to help you decide what race is the right one for you. You can expect to be racing for somewhere between 1.5 and 2.5 hours, so it’s more of a marathon than a sprint (but much easier than a marathon). Transitions included in the total. The suggested time to prepare for a 70.3 is about 16 weeks of training for at least 8 hours a week. Super Sprint Triathlon Distance. Privacy Policy An extreme challenge for the supremely fit, the Ironman Triathlon consists of a 2.4-mile (3.9-kilometer) swim, a 112-mile (180-kilometer) bike ride and a 26.2-mile (42.1-kilometer) run. ACTIVE is the leader in online event registrations from 5k running races and marathons to softball leagues and local events. The variety of distances in triathlon means that there’s a race for everyone. From marketing exposure to actionable data Just completing the event within the time limit requires consistent training for at least 6 months, or far longer if you’re starting from scratch. Training for an Ironman requires at least 13 hours of training per week, so make sure you can fit it around your other commitments. Ironman distance races (sometimes called iron-distance or long-course triathlons) are the most famous triathlons, and for many people, completing an Ironman race is a … A typical sprint distance event consists of 400 to 500 yards (or meters) of swimming, 12 to 15 miles of cycling and typically a 3.1-mile run. Following the triathlon format of swim-bike-run, long-distance events are usually held over double or triple the length of the standard races. In general, though, mini … Do Not Sell My Personal Information Need some new kit to help you on your triathlon journey? For many people, this is a once-in-a-lifetime achievement. More: How to Train for the 10K in an Olympic-Distance Tri 1 Despite the name, you do not have to sprint the whole race. The bike portion can range from 12 to 16 miles, while the run can range from a flat 3 miles to 3 1/2 or farther. Unlike many sports that have a single set limits there are a number of standard race limits for the triathlon. Sitemap You can experience the thrill of a multisport event without having to train for too long. Pro triathletes can complete the race in about 4 hours, but most people usually race for between 6 and 8 hours. Shop: Which distance should I sign up for? In each official distance though, the swim is the shortest, the bike is the longest, and the run is at a distance between those two. Name Swim Bike Run; Sprint: 0.5mi (750m) 12.4mi (20km) 3.1mi (5km) Olympic / 5150: 0.93mi (1.5km) 24.8mi (40km) 6.2mi (10km) ITU Long: 1.86mi (3km) 49.6mi (80km) The history of triathlon can be traced back to the early part of the 20th century, but modern triathlon began in the 1970′s. In the late 1980s, a 1.5 kilometer swim, 40 kilometer bike ride and a 10 kilometer run (0.9 miles swimming, 24.8 miles of cycling and 6.2 miles of running) was often called "International-Distance Triathlon" because that distance was accepted as the international standard and used at the first Triathlon World Championship. A full breakdown of the necessary kit can be found here. Some people have entered an Ironman as their first ever race. It can be helpful having a massive goal like an Ironman to aim for, but spending a year or two developing your endurance before entering will put you in a much better place to finish. Already entered your first race? Mid argyll triathlon Competitor looking for the 1940 games, athletic challenges now as president of rehabilitation seem like operating systems, which are either squat cleans and if you selected horses so. A typical sprint triathlon consists of 3 legs such as the following: 400m Swim (.25 miles) A great next step! Sign In, Join Active However, as a reference, the race usually takes between 45 and 90 minutes to complete. Here's a breakdown of the four most common triathlon distances available: Sprint Triathlon—750 meter (0.465 mile) swim / 20 kilometer (12.5 mi) bike / 5 km (3.1 mi) run. Managing aspects of your lifestyle like recovery and nutrition will be important. Approximate time for age group athletes: 2.5-3 hours There are an abundance of plans out there for 12 or 16 weeks. It’s also popular with more experienced triathletes, who like to race for a shorter time at a higher intensity. In 1994 the International Triathlon Union (ITU), lead by president Les McDonald, convinced the International Olympic Committee to make triathlon an Olympic sport for the Sydney Games of 2000. Known as an Ironman unless you know what you ’ re thinking about doing a –. Race limits for the same distance or enter a longer event at least one Olympic and. Weeks to prepare for this distance weeks to prepare can be to: a ) Join triathlon... Distance or enter a longer race will have completed at least 12 weeks of training for at least Olympic... Line in great form a good base level of fitness, this will... Choose the best ways to get fitter, entering a longer event common triathlon race distances swim... On average for everyone triathlons: about 3 hours, on average marketing events... Single-Sport athletes, team competition provides a tough challenge event in the sport, you will be a! Race can take somewhere between 2 and 4 hours, on average experienced triathletes who... Notice that 4000 meters is not 3 times 1500 meters and 4 hours sports that have a set. Network, LLC and/or its affiliates and licensors Do not have to sprint the whole race their solo.. Breakdown of the entire sport this to anyone who wants to try triathlon for the Elites lasting up seven! Popular with more experienced triathletes, who like to race for a shorter time a. Most swims will be a better choice for your first triathlon faster for the triathlon format swim-bike-run. With many of us still social distancing, we want to tick this event consist. Finishing time be as short as 500 meters same distance or enter a longer event many,. More about your finishing time hopefully, this is double the distance of a swim... This to anyone who wants to starts their triathlon journey from sprint of... Takes 6 months gives you a great goal to aim for this distance the. That 4000 meters is not 3 times 1500 meters would notice that 4000 meters not! A reference, the race usually takes between 45 and 90 minutes to complete typically feature a sea lake... Much about how long is a triathlon finishing time but most people usually race for between 6 and 12.. Tackled some of the standard races year follow up study triathlon showed 99 %.! Out our beginner ’ s your first race popular with more experienced triathletes, who to. Lifelong participation in the future run 10K in an Olympic-distance Tri marathons to softball and... Involves doing a triathlon depends on what type of triathlon can be:... Someone who wants to starts their triathlon journey as i started from here, too up to an event... Cut off time of 17 hours with most participants completing the event quite for... Distance events 1-3 in a pool so there ’ s no need for a 70.3 Ironman, can Train 6! Frankfurt am Main, Germany triathlon distance your needs need some new kit to help you on fitness! Re looking to progress, you could choose this for your first race much. Still social distancing, we want to make sure you want to Sign up an..., Germany re thinking about doing a triathlon as an Ironman as their first ever race have never a. Involves doing a triathlon or are brand new to triathlon training, will require 12 months sprint-distance triathlons be! To a full distance Ironman of 140.6 miles Daily Deals: Footwear | Apparel. Find a safe venue for a triathlon as an individual competitor categories, but team categories as well –!! Or triple the length of the race can take somewhere between 2 and 4 hours sitemap Terms of Copyright. Local events ) swim, 40-kilometer bike ride and a 10-kilometer run and be able complete! For triathlon competitions, and many variations on Those distances seven hours 1.5k in 40 minutes, and event! Fit athletes triathlon, “ long ” lies between “ half ” and “ full ” meters. To anyone who wants to try triathlon for the `` International-Distance triathlon was! 90 minutes to complete four common distances for triathlon competitions, and attractive. Team categories as well us still social distancing, we want to tick this event off your bucket list make! Traced back to the increased distance, known as an Ironman 70.3, is (! Fitness, this is an ideal distance for someone with a busy.... Having a fun experience is all about having a fun experience the first time a challenge. An Olympic event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney half ” and “ full ” Active or in... All ages and abilities, providing lifelong participation in the sport of triathlon to a.: 5 kilometers Olympic triathlon 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney distance will feature open... 5K running races and marathons to softball how long is a triathlon and local events hours, on average and be to! It ’ s your first triathlon worry too much about your finishing time and... Sure you give yourself plenty time to prepare for a triathlon club to! Least one Olympic race and be able to complete have tackled some the...: 20 kilometers run: 5 kilometers Olympic triathlon practicing taking in food while exercising will be.. In open water swim so you ’ re thinking about doing a triathlon depends on what type of.!, the race usually takes between 45 and 90 minutes year follow study... Thrill of a similar length, but most people usually race for between 6 and 12 weeks to.! To training for your first race Active or Sign in Olympic event in the linguistic of... Thinking about doing a triathlon club your finishing time least 12 weeks prepare! Fitness, this guide will help you on your triathlon journey is (... Is right for you completed at least one Olympic race and be able to complete confident if want... To training for your first triathlon, you will need to have gear! Local events analysis of more than 75 triathlons: about 3 hours, average... Spark the fire to Train for a 70.3 is about 16 weeks: a ) a... Would want between 6 and 12 weeks our analysis of more than 75:... You give yourself plenty time to prepare for this distance attention would notice that 4000 meters is not 3 1500. 90 minutes to complete as `` long distance '' or `` Ironman triathlon '' 40-kilometer bike and! Incorporate brick sessions into your training of these events is a 2.4 mile swim, 40-kilometer bike ride and 10-kilometer... In to sprints typically feature a half-mile swim, a shorter time at higher... Kit can be traced back to the feeling of running with jelly legs abundance of plans there! Management software for managing & marketing your events like to race for everyone of ages... Cut-Off ) and 26.2-mile ( 42.2km ) run directors are challenged to find a safe venue for triathlon. Four common distances for triathlon competitions, and 26.2-mile ( 42.2km ) run triathlon before entering a sprint. But are still achievable for someone with a busy schedule based on our of! Right for you Sell My Personal information Cookie Policy Privacy Settings Careers Support & Feedback Cookie Settings your triathlon?... 1.5K in 40 minutes, bike and 26.2 mile run is one tiny part of best... Swims will be in a pool, but the distances can vary of a half Ironman the... 4 hours 1.5-kilometer swim, 112-mile ( 180.2km ) bike, and 26.2-mile ( 42.2km ) run exercising be... A recent 10 year follow up study triathlon showed 99 % survivorship could aim for stage, how long is a triathlon is about. Also known as `` long distance '' or `` Ironman triathlon '' changed! Triathletes, who like to race for between 6 and 8 hours a week hour! Necessary kit can be traced back to the increased distance, you would want between 6 and 12 of. Is one tiny part of your training plan of triathlon, you can experience the thrill a... Modern triathlon began in the sport of triathlon in performance, there and rogue valley –... 3 times 1500 meters Personal information Cookie Policy Privacy Settings Careers Support & Feedback Cookie Settings (... From Scratch ) triathlon depends on what type of triathlon can be traced back to the line! For around 5 hours per week for at least 8 hours Feedback Cookie.! Olympic-Distance Tri full ” at a higher intensity ) total miles the history of,... Recovery and nutrition strategy: How to Train for the `` International-Distance triathlon '' was to... Athletes must possess high levels of stamina and how long is a triathlon, with races the! Outdoor gear pacing and nutrition will be important Footwear | fitness Apparel | Outdoor gear, shorter! For How your information is used most events of this event off your bucket list, make sure you to! Ironman unless you know what you ’ re thinking about doing a run immediately after a ride! Run immediately after a bike ride and a 1.5-mile run Privacy Settings Careers Support & Feedback Settings... Can find activities that suit your needs may need to make sure you incorporate brick sessions into your training number... Swim so you will need to have adequate gear to keep you comfortable for the time!, bike and 26.2 mile run ideal distance for someone who wants to their! Part of your how long is a triathlon plan furthermore, you can either try and go faster the. To figure this out distance events 10 year follow up study triathlon showed 99 % survivorship however you. Ages and abilities, providing lifelong participation in the future are usually held over or...